PIE2D • PIE3D • DOUGHNUT2D • DOUGHNUT3D
Pie and Doughnut charts used in EOS LIVE DASH provide a quick and intuitive way to show how a total value is distributed across components, categories, or causes. They provide a strong visual summary, particularly in SCADA and energy management screens where ratio, share, contribution, and total information needs to be understood at a glance.
The fundamental data logic of this chart family is based on proportional distribution among categories. Pie2D and Pie3D represent the classic pie-chart approach, while Doughnut2D and Doughnut3D represent the doughnut-chart approach, where the center area can be used to display an additional KPI, total value, or status information.
Pie2D (2D Pie) chart type is a classic yet effective chart type used to quickly visualize how a whole is distributed among sub-components in percentage and visual terms. It is suitable for SCADA, power generation, and executive summary screens, particularly for presenting ratios, shares, and contributions.
Basic Data Logic of Pie2D
With values such as Coal 35%, Natural Gas 30%, Hydro 20%, Solar 10%, and Wind 5%, source shares in total generation can be displayed in a single chart.
What does it show? It quickly shows how much each source contributes to total generation.
Turbine alarms 40%, boiler 25%, electrical system 20%, and auxiliary systems 15% can be used to summarize the distribution of the alarm load.
A distribution such as Mechanical 45%, Electrical 30%, Automation 15%, and External Causes 10% shows which causes account for the largest share of shutdowns.
Turbine Shares in Total Generation
Comment: It shows which turbine contributes more to generation and whether there is a significant imbalance in load distribution.
Plant Operating Status Distribution
Advantage: The overall operating status of the plant can be summarized at a glance.
Water Use Distribution
Operational Value: The share of environmental and operational obligations, such as ecological flow requirements, becomes visible within total water use.
Distribution of Energy Losses by Cause
Strategic Value: By identifying the categories in which losses are concentrated, improvement priorities can be established.
Alarm Type Distribution
From a Maintenance Perspective: Which discipline generates more alarms and therefore a higher operational workload can be monitored.
Annual Generation Distribution by Source – Cascade HPP
From a Basin Management Perspective: The relative contribution of water sources to generation can be seen more clearly.
Maintenance Type Shares
Maturity Indicator: A decrease in the unplanned maintenance rate is not sufficient on its own as a performance measure, but it can be meaningful when assessing the development of maintenance planning discipline.
Pie3D (3D Pie) chart type uses the same distribution logic as Pie2D, but presents it with a 3D perspective and depth effect. The fundamental purpose remains to show the distribution of a whole among its sub-components, while Pie3D is more focused on presentation and visual impact.
The data logic is the same as Pie2D; the fundamental difference is not in data calculation but in how the distribution is presented visually. Therefore, Pie3D is more suitable for executive presentations and summary dashboard screens than for technical analysis.
An example of Coal 40%, Natural Gas 30%, Hydro 15%, Solar 10%, and Wind 5% can provide an executive view of the overall generation composition at a glance.
A summary such as Electrical 45%, Mechanical 35%, and Automation 20% helps a non-technical audience quickly understand the alarm load.
HPP Examples:
Doughnut2D (2D Doughnut / Donut) chart type is the hollow-centered version of Pie2D. The center area allows the chart not only to show the distribution, but also to highlight a secondary key item such as total value, KPI, status label, or date/shift information. This makes it particularly useful in dashboard design.
Basic Structure
On the ring, Coal 40%, Natural Gas 30%, Hydro 20%, and Solar 10% are displayed, while Total Generation: 1,250 MWh can be displayed in the center.
At the center of the Electrical 45%, Mechanical 35%, and Automation 20% distribution, a KPI such as Total Alarms: 3,480 can be displayed.
With a distribution of Mechanical 50%, Electrical 30%, and External Causes 20%, the center can show Total: 18.6 hours.
Turbine Shares in Total Generation + Total MW
Center information: Total generation = 96 MW.
This combines the distribution and total power in the same visualization, enabling the load sharing to be assessed quickly.
Plant Operating Status + Availability Rate
Center information: Plant Availability = %82.
Water Use Distribution + Legal Share Highlight
Center information: Ecological Share = %20.
Distribution of Energy Losses by Cause
Center information: Total Loss = 18.4 GWh.
Alarm Type Distribution + Total Alarm Count
Center information: Total Alarms = 1,248.
Annual Generation Distribution by Source – Cascade HPP
This view can be used to summarize the relative contribution of different water sources within the basin to total generation on a management screen.
Maintenance Type Distribution + Maturity Indicator
The unplanned maintenance rate is one of the indicators that can be used to monitor the development of maintenance management, but it is not sufficient on its own to determine operational maturity.
Doughnut3D (3D Doughnut / Donut) chart type is the 3D perspective and depth-effect version of Doughnut2D. Thus, both the distribution and the main metric in the center can be presented in the same visualization. As with Pie3D, the primary advantage of Doughnut3D lies less in analytical precision than in presentation and visual impact.
Key Features: There is no X–Y axis; it is category-based; it can show the distribution in a single time or status snapshot; it includes 3D depth and perspective; the center area can be used to highlight total, KPI, or status information.
A distribution of Coal 38%, Natural Gas 32%, Hydro 18%, and Solar 12%, together with Total Generation: 1,480 MWh in the center, can provide a quick composition summary on an executive screen.
An alarm distribution including categories such as Mechanical 34% and Automation 20% can be supported in the center with Total Alarms: 3,920.
At the center of the Mechanical 50%, Electrical 30%, and External Causes 20% distribution, Total Shutdown: 21.4 hours can be displayed.
Turbine Shares in Total Generation + Total MW
Center information: Total generation = 96 MW.
This structure combines the relative generation contribution of the turbines and the instantaneous total power in the same visualization for quick comparison.
Plant Operating Status + Availability Rate
Center information: Plant Availability = %82.
Water Use Distribution + Legal Share Highlight
Center information: Ecological Share = %20.
Distribution of Energy Losses by Cause
Center information: Total Loss = 18.4 GWh.
Alarm Type Distribution + Total Alarm Count
Center information: Total Alarms = 1,248.
Annual Generation Distribution by Source – Cascade HPP
From a basin management perspective, the relative contribution of water sources to generation can be summarized with this distribution.
Maintenance Type Distribution + Maturity Indicator
Monitoring the unplanned maintenance rate can provide a meaningful indication of the planning level of maintenance processes.
The basic data logic of the four chart types is the same: showing the distribution of a total across categories. The difference is mainly in the 2D/3D presentation format and, for Doughnut types, the ability to use the center area for additional information.
| Chart | Axes | Visual Structure | Center KPI | Primary Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pie2D | No X–Y | 2D pie | No | Analytical distribution summary |
| Pie3D | No X–Y | 3D pie | No | Presentation and visual impact |
| Doughnut2D | No X–Y | 2D doughnut | Yes | Dashboard + KPI + distribution |
| Doughnut3D | No X–Y | 3D doughnut | Yes | Presentation + KPI + visual impact |
Technical Assessment: Pie and doughnut charts are not designed to show time series or the relationship between two variables. When examining changes over time, trends, correlations, scatter distributions, or sudden deviations, appropriate chart types such as Line, Area, and Scatter should be preferred.
Practical Selection for HPP Applications: A turbine's contribution to total generation, the proportion of alarm causes, the distribution of maintenance types, or the categorical share of water use can be presented clearly with Pie2D/Doughnut2D. When the same information is intended for an executive presentation with stronger visual impact, Pie3D/Doughnut3D can be preferred. If a KPI such as total MW, MWh, alarm count, or availability rate is to be highlighted in the center, the Doughnut family provides a more suitable presentation.
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